Here's what Google has to say about it:
I am using Opencart v 1.4.9.4 and Google Base Improved v1.4.8.Google Product Category: We have added a new required high-level attribute called [google product category] that contains the category of the item in Google’s taxonomy (currently only required for a select number of categories). This is in addition to the current [product type] attribute.
I originally misunderstood this and thought I could just add Google's categories to my existing list of categories, and set their sort order to -1 (to not display on the storefront). This unfortunately just adds these categories to the product_type attribute.
Has anyone figured out how to add google_product_category to their product feeds? I'm hoping there's a way to simply add categories with a sort order of -1 to the feed as the Google category.